objects in python

• At its simplest, an object is some code plus data structures that is smaller than a whole program
• Defining a function allows us to store a bit of code and give it a name and then later invoke that code using the name of the function.
• An object can contain a number of functions (which we call “methods”) as well as data that is used by those functions. We call data items that are part of the object “attributes”
• We use the class keyword to define the data and code that will make up each of the objects
• . The class keyword includes the name of the class and begins an indented block of code where we include the attributes (data) and methods (code).

class PartyAnimal:
   x = 0

   def party(self) :
     self.x = self.x + 1
     print("So far",self.x)

an = PartyAnimal()
an.party()
an.party()
an.party()
PartyAnimal.party(an)

• Each method looks like a function, starting with the def keyword and consisting of an indented block of code. This example has one attribute (x) and one method
• (party). The methods have a special first parameter that we name by convention self.